Использование явления реювенилизации для получения вегетативного потомства древесных

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Аннотация

Вегетативное размножение обеспечивает возможность масштабирования ценного растительного материала в наиболее короткие сроки. Особую важность оно приобретает при разведении древесных культур с сохранением ценных биологических и морфологических сортовых особенностей отдельных особей. Использование такого подхода позволяет быстро размножать особо ценные произрастающие в парках и лесах растения, в то время как при семенном воспроизводстве не сохраняются их ценные наследственные признаки. В связи с этим создание и совершенствование надежных способов вегетативного размножения древесных видов не теряет своей актуальности. Как известно, вегетативное размножение деревьев достигается в ювенильной фазе развития, а не на стадии зрелости, что сильно ограничивает использование этого подхода. Такая ситуация может быть преодолена путем применения технологий, основанных на активном использовании реювенилизации – явлении, биологическая природа которого на сегодняшний день остается недостаточно изученной. Тем не менее, накоплен значительный исследовательский опыт инициации реювенилизации, т.е. проведения процедур искусственного возвращения взрослых растений или отдельных их частей в юное состояние. В настоящей статье приводится обзор технологий, позволяющих реализовать процесс переключения стратегии развития растения с фазы зрелости к ювенильному состоянию. К ним относятся культивирование меристем, химическая обработка растительного материала, сильная обрезка и хеджирование, использование корневых отпрысков и коппинг, инициация развития пазушных и эпикормических почек, прививка и микропрививка, повторное субкультивирование, а также соматический эмбриогенез. Для дальнейшего успешного развития этого направления требуется применение комплексного подхода, основанного на совокупности омиксных технологий и методов молекулярной генетики, молекулярной и клеточной биологии.

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В. Н. Шмаков

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Сибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: vladwork70@gmail.com
Россия, Иркутск

В. И. Бельков

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Сибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования “Иркутский государственный университет”

Email: vladwork70@gmail.com
Россия, Иркутск; Иркутск

Ю. М. Константинов

Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Сибирский институт физиологии и биохимии растений Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования “Иркутский государственный университет”

Email: vladwork70@gmail.com
Россия, Иркутск; Иркутск

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