Механизмы старения мозга и возрастных изменений когнитивных функций

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Аннотация

В связи с развитием медицины и повышением уровня жизни в мире возрастает доля пожилого населения, в связи с этим становится актуальным изучение механизмов возрастных изменений когнитивных функций. Цель настоящего обзора – анализ данных литературы о механизмах возрастных изменений когнитивных функций и оценка перспективы развития ключевых направлений исследований в данной области науки. В обзоре приведены современные теории когнитивного старения (теория резерва, компенсаторная теория, теория старения лобных долей, теория дефицита торможений, теория сенсорной депривации). Назрела необходимость объединить данные отдельных разрозненных исследований молекулярных механизмов старения, отражающих роль ряда генов, нейротрофических факторов, тандемных повторов ДНК в обеспечении когнитивных функций в пожилом возрасте. Понимание механизмов когнитивного старения на разных уровнях организма может способствовать разработке эффективных методов профилактики и терапии когнитивных нарушений.

Об авторах

П. Е. Умрюхин

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России; ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова

Email: pavelum@mail.ru
Москва, 119048 Россия; Москва, 125993 Россия

Н. Ю. Шабалин

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России

Email: nsdominik@mail.ru
Москва, 119048 Россия

Е. Н. Михеева

ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России

Email: kefir2018@mail.ru
Москва, 119048 Россия

Н. Н. Вейко

ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова

Email: satelit32006@yandex.ru
Москва, 125993 Россия

С. В. Костюк

ФГБНУ Медико-генетический научный центр им. акад. Н.П. Бочкова

Email: svet-vk@yandex.ru
Москва, 125993 Россия

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