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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CardioSomatics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">CardioSomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>CardioСоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2221-7185</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-5707</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635072</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CS635072</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lipoprotein (a) levels in children with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Уровень липопротеина (а) у детей с гетерозиготной семейной гиперхолестеринемией</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-5279</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8427-6727</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimova</surname><given-names>Liliya F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимова</surname><given-names>Лилия Фаридовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук</p></bio><email>lilu1@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6662-3548</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2455-6428</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadykova</surname><given-names>Dinara I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садыкова</surname><given-names>Динара Ильгизаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Research Laboratory ”Genetics and Clinic of Human Lipid Metabolism”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, профессор, Научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Генетика и клиника липидного обмена человека»</p></bio><email>sadykovadi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-7443</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9025-7570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slastnikova</surname><given-names>Evgeniia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сластникова</surname><given-names>Евгения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine) , Research Laboratory ”Genetics and Clinic of Human Lipid Metabolism”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат мед. наук, Научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Генетика и клиника липидного обмена человека»</p></bio><email>e.slastnikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-7725</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9224-5882</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaliullina</surname><given-names>Chulpan D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиуллина</surname><given-names>Чулпан Данилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>chulpandanilevna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-7025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5764-8282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salakhova</surname><given-names>Karina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салахова</surname><given-names>Карина Равилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Research Laboratory ”Genetics and Clinic of Human Lipid Metabolism”</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, научно-исследовательская лаборатория «Генетика и клиника липидного обмена человека»</p></bio><email>karina.salakh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children’s Republican Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская республиканская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>290</fpage><lpage>298</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-01"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/635072">https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/635072</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Recent studies show that lipoprotein (a), or Lp(a), plays a specific role in the development of atherosclerosis. Lp(a) promotes atherogenesis by increasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and depositing on the arterial wall. There are limited studies of Lp(a) in children with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), and the results are not specified by age.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>:</bold> To determine serum Lp(a) in children with heterozygous FH for different age groups.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS</bold><bold> </bold><bold>AND</bold><bold> </bold><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>:</bold> A comparative, prospective, longitudinal, cohort study was conducted in 2017–2022. The study group included 243 children aged 5 to 17 years (Ме 11 [7.0–15.0]), of which 122 children had heterozygous FH. The control group included 121 healthy children. The control and study groups were divided into 3 age subgroups (5–7, 8–12, 13–17 years). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Lp(a) were determined in all children.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>:</bold> All first-degree relatives in the FH group had concomitant cardiovascular diseases (84.1% on the paternal side, 9.1% on the maternal side). Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 84% (102) of parents, 89% (109) had atherosclerosis of brachiocephalic arteries, and 6.6% (8) had cerebrovascular accident (atherothrombotic stroke). The analysis revealed a significantly increased Lp(a) levels in FH patients (14.8 [6.3–24.3] mg/dL) compared to the control group (10.8 [5.5–14.8] mg/dL, p=0.0002). An individual serum Lp(a) analysis in the study and control groups showed that no healthy children had Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dL. Among FH patients, 14.7% (18) had increased Lp(a) levels &gt;30 mg/dL, and Lp(a) 50 mg/dL was noted in 4 of them. Children with FH and Lp(a) levels &gt;30 mg/dL were found to be 3.5 times more likely (95% confidence interval: 1.14–10.33, p=0.0239) to have family members with the onset of acute coronary syndrome prior to 40 years of age.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>:</bold> High heritability estimates for Lp(a) highlights the need to measure it in patients with FH and offers an opportunity for reverse cascade screening to identify adult family members with FH at even greater risk of early cardiovascular accidents.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Исследования последних лет показывают, что в развитии атеросклероза особое место занимает липопротеин (а), или Лп(а). Увеличивая продукцию провоспалительных цитокинов и осаждаясь на артериальной стенке, Лп(а) способствует атерогенезу. Существуют лишь единичные работы, посвящённые изучению Лп(а) у детей с семейной гиперхолестеринемией (СГХС), а полученные результаты не конкретизированы в зависимости от возраста.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Определить содержание Лп(а) в сыворотке крови у детей с гетерозиготной СГХС в различных возрастных группах.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В период с 2017 по 2022 г. проведено сравнительное проспективное продольное когортное исследование, в котором участвовали 243 ребёнка в возрасте от 5 до 17 лет (Ме 11 [7,0–15,0]), из них 122 ребёнка с диагнозом «семейная гиперхолестеринемия, гетерозиготная форма», вошедшие в основную группу. Контрольную группу составил 121 здоровый ребёнок. Дети контрольной и основной групп были подразделены на 3 возрастные подгруппы: 5–7, 8–12, 13–17 лет. Всем детям определяли уровень общего холестерина, триглицеридов, холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности, холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности, Лп(а).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Среди родственников первой линии родства в группе СГХС выявлена 100% отягощённость по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям: по отцовской линии 84,1%, по материнской линии — 9,1%. Ишемическая болезнь сердца диагностирована у 84% (102) родителей, атеросклероз брахиоцефальных артерий имели 89% (109), острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения по атеротромботическому типу 6,6% (8). Исследование уровня Лп(а) выявило значимое повышение Лп(а) у пациентов с СГХС — 14,8 (6,3–24,3) мг/дл — по сравнению с детьми контрольной группы: 10,8 (5,5–14,8) мг/дл, <italic>p</italic>=0,0002. Индивидуальный анализ содержания Лп(а) в сыворотке крови детей основной и контрольной групп показал, что в группе здоровых участников не было ни одного ребёнка со значением Лп(а) &gt;30 мг/дл. Среди пациентов с СГХС 14,7% детей (18) имели повышение Лп(а) &gt;30 мг/дл, при этом у 4 из них показатель был &gt;50 мг/дл. Выявлено, что дети с СГХС и уровнем Лп(а) &gt;30 мг/дл с большей вероятностью — в 3,5 раза (95% доверительный интервал: 1,14–10,33, <italic>p</italic>=0,0239) — имеют членов семьи с дебютом острого коронарного синдрома в возрасте до 40 лет.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Высокая наследуемость Лп(а) подчёркивает необходимость его измерения у пациентов с СГХС и представляет собой возможность для осуществления реверсивного каскадного скрининга с выявлением взрослых членов семьи с СГХС, имеющих ещё больший риск ранних сердечно-сосудистых катастроф.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lipoprotein (a)</kwd><kwd>familial hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>липопротеин (а)</kwd><kwd>семейная гиперхолестеринемия</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russian Statistical Yearbook 2022: Stat.book. 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