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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CardioSomatics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">CardioSomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>CardioСоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2221-7185</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-5707</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">640894</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CS640894</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TMQHIG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Risk of thromboembolic events in women using combined oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, and their prevention: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Риск тромбоэмболических событий у пациенток, принимающих комбинированные оральные контрацептивы и заместительную гормональную терапию, а также методы их профилактики: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8833-7043</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7891-0830</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suricova</surname><given-names>Nina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурикова</surname><given-names>Нина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nina70494@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8220-6739</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5284-5370</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gluchova</surname><given-names>Anna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухова</surname><given-names>Анна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ichi_08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5178-4755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>Evgeny E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Евгений Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>evgenykrav4enko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9554-7986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnyakov</surname><given-names>Vladislav A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишняков</surname><given-names>Владислав Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>jufffem@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2147-2805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mokin</surname><given-names>Evgeny I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мокин</surname><given-names>Евгений Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>mokin.ei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Odont Medical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский центр «Одонт»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-07-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>168</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-22"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/640894">https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/640894</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The risk of thromboembolic complications associated with the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and hormone replacement therapy is a concern for both physicians and patients. The work aimed to analyze existing data on the use of COCs and their associated thromboembolic risk. This review summarizes the findings of Russian and international studies conducted in women using COCs who experienced thrombotic complications. A total of 37 sources were used, including articles indexed in international citation databases such as <italic>PubMed </italic>(<italic>MEDLINE</italic>) and <italic>Scopus</italic>, as well as foundational studies and monographs indexed in the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). Data were selected using the following keywords: <italic>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</italic> (<italic>cardiovascular diseases</italic>), <italic>комбинированные оральные контрацептивы</italic> (<italic>combined oral contraceptives</italic>), <italic>КОК</italic> (<italic>COCs</italic>), <italic>тромбоэмболия лёгочной артерии</italic> (<italic>pulmonary embolism</italic>), <italic>ТЭЛА</italic> (<italic>PE</italic>), and <italic>инфаркт миокарда</italic> (<italic>myocardial infarction</italic>). Materials with unidentified authorship, educational manuals, pseudoscientific online sources, and publications not relevant to the topic were excluded.</p> <p>The review revealed that the use of COCs may influence the risk of developing pulmonary embolism (PE); however, thrombus formation is also affected by additional factors. Some studies suggest that third- and fourth-generation COCs may be associated with a higher risk of PE, although the absolute risk remains relatively low. It is important to emphasize that the decision to initiate COC use and the selection of a specific drug should be made by a physician based on the patient’s individual characteristics, medical history, and risk factors. Notably, discontinuation of COCs does not eliminate the risk of PE entirely, as hereditary predisposition, lifestyle, and comorbid conditions may also contribute.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время риск тромбоэмболических осложнений при приёме комбинированных оральных контрацептивов (КОК) и заместительной гормональной терапии может вызывать опасения как у врачей, так и у пациентов. Целью работы был анализ имеющихся данных о приёме КОК и риске развития тромбоэмболии. В обзоре представлены материалы отечественных и зарубежных авторов, которые проводили исследования у женщин, принимающих КОК и сталкивающихся с тромбоэмболическими осложнениями. Для написания статьи использовано 37 различных источников литературы — статьи, опубликованные в международных базах цитирования PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, а также размещённые в РИНЦ фундаментальные исследования, монографии. Отбор данных осуществляли по ключевым словам: «сердечно-сосудистые заболевания», «комбинированные оральные контрацептивы», «КОК», «тромбоэмболия лёгочной артерия», «ТЭЛА», «инфаркт миокарда». Из анализа исключали материалы, авторство которых не установлено, учебные пособия, околонаучные интернет-ресурсы, а также не соответствующие тематике исследования.</p> <p>По результатам обзора выявлено, что применение КОК может влиять на риск развития тромбоэмболии лёгочной артерии (ТЭЛА), однако стоит учитывать, что на образование тромбов влияют и другие факторы. Некоторые исследования показывают, что использование КОК третьего и четвёртого поколений может увеличивать риск развития ТЭЛА, однако этот риск всё равно остаётся относительно невысоким. Важно отметить, что решение о применении КОК и выборе конкретного препарата должно приниматься врачом на основе индивидуальных особенностей пациентки, её медицинской истории и факторов риска. Необходимо помнить, что отказ от КОК не гарантирует полного отсутствия риска развития ТЭЛА, так как на него влияют и другие факторы, такие как наследственность, образ жизни, наличие других заболеваний и т.д.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>combined oral contraceptives</kwd><kwd>pulmonary embolism</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>комбинированные оральные контрацептивы</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболия лёгочной артерии</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Raskob GE, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco AN, et al. Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden. 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