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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CardioSomatics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">CardioSomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>CardioСоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2221-7185</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-5707</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">679567</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CS679567</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FEFBCS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of long covid: a review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль митохондриальной дисфункции в развитии длительного COVID: обзорная статья</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-4107</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8239-3942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeeva</surname><given-names>Ksenia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеева</surname><given-names>Ксения Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюменский кардиологический научный центр, канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Avdeeva_03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-4179</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5896-5350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petelina</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петелина</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюменский кардиологический научный центр, д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>petelina@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4898-6089</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8833-7493</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbachevskii</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачевский</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen Cardiology Research Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюменский кардиологический научный центр</p></bio><email>gorbachevskyalex@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6446-5224</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4653-9489</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessonova</surname><given-names>Marina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессонова</surname><given-names>Марина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тюменский кардиологический научный центр, канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>bessonovami@infarkta.net</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>352</fpage><lpage>362</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-12"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-06"><day>06</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-13"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/679567">https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/679567</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients continue to experience adverse sequelae of the disease, including cardiometabolic disturbances. The spectrum of symptoms associated with long COVID is broad and heterogeneous, necessitating a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms. One of the proposed mechanisms contributing to long COVID is transient postviral mitochondrial dysfunction. It is hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2, either directly or indirectly via systemic inflammation, induces metabolic reprogramming of cells, leading to impaired oxidative phosphorylation, reduced ATP production, and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under conditions of metabolic reprogramming, cells preferentially rely on glycolysis for lactate production. Elevated blood lactate levels at low exercise intensity are indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction. Cardiorespiratory fitness is directly related to the integrated function of multiple physiological systems and is considered a reflection of overall health status. The most objective and accurate measure of cardiorespiratory fitness is the direct assessment of maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Accordingly, monitoring blood lactate levels in conjunction with peak oxygen consumption assessed by CPET may be effectively used in the design of future research studies. The search, selection, and analysis of relevant sources were conducted using scientific databases including cyberleninka.ru, elibrary.ru, link.springer.com, frontiersin.org, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Google Scholar, and others, with the aim of systematizing current evidence supporting mitochondrial dysfunction as a key pathogenetic mechanism of long COVID.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на завершение пандемии COVID-19, многие пациенты продолжают испытывать негативные последствия данного заболевания в виде кардиометаболических нарушений, а количество симптомов длительного COVID весьма многочисленно и разнообразно, что требует углубленного понимания механизмов данного заболевания. Одним из механизмов развития длительного COVID является транзиторная поствирусная митохондриальная дисфункция. Предполагается, что вирус SARS-CoV-2, прямо или опосредованно через системное воспаление, вызывает метаболическое перепрограммирование клеток, нарушая окислительное фосфорилирование, снижая продукцию АТФ и усиливая генерацию активных форм кислорода. При метаболическом перепрограммировании клетки предпочитают использовать гликолиз для выработки лактата. Высокий уровень лактата в крови при низкой интенсивности физической нагрузки указывает на митохондриальную дисфункцию. Кардиореспираторная выносливость напрямую связана с интегральной функцией многих систем и считается отражением общего состояния здоровья организма. Наиболее объективным и точным показателем кардиореспираторной выносливости является прямое измерение максимального потребления кислорода путём проведения кардиопульмонального нагрузочного тестирования (КПНТ). В связи с этим, мониторинг уровня лактата в крови наряду с уровнем пикового потребления кислорода по данным КПНТ можно эффективно использовать при планировании дальнейших научных исследований Поиск, отбор и анализ литературных источников по данной теме осуществлялся в научных базах CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru, link.springer.com, frontiersin.org, pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, Google Scholar и других, и был направлен на систематизацию современных доказательств, подтверждающих роль митохондриальной дисфункции как патогенетического механизма длительного COVID.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>glycolysis</kwd><kwd>reactive oxygen species</kwd><kwd>adenosine triphosphate</kwd><kwd>metabolic reprogramming</kwd><kwd>long COVID</kwd><kwd>lactate</kwd><kwd>cardiorespiratory fitness</kwd><kwd>cardiopulmonary exercise testing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондрии</kwd><kwd>гликолиз</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd><kwd>аденозинтрифосфат</kwd><kwd>метаболическое перепрограммирование</kwd><kwd>длительный COVID</kwd><kwd>лактат</kwd><kwd>кардиореспираторная выносливость</kwd><kwd>кардиопульмональное нагрузочное тестирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sakellaropoulos SG, Sakellaropoulos PG, Steinberg BS, et al. 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