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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CardioSomatics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">CardioSomatics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>CardioСоматика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2221-7185</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-5707</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691745</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/CS691745</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HERPXH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effects of intermittent hypoxic–hyperoxic training on exercise tolerance, cognitive function, and arterial stiffness in older patients with myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние интервальных гипокси-гипероксических тренировок на переносимость физической нагрузки, когнитивные функции и артериальную жёсткость сосудов у пожилых пациентов с инфарктом миокарда и хронической сердечной недостаточностью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2941-9679</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6809-4395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Анна Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andreeva_anna76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3566-6691</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6610-9991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>Yulia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Юлия Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>juluy.and2011@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-3791</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7726-7198</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushin</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушин</surname><given-names>Сергей Степанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>ssyakushin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6939-3234</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6508226664</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4347-4426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyamina</surname><given-names>Nadezhda P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лямина</surname><given-names>Надежда Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>lyana_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary, Ryazan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Областной клинический кардиологический диспансер, Рязань</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>298</fpage><lpage>307</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-13"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/691745">https://cardiosomatics.ru/2221-7185/article/view/691745</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Despite advances in the treatment of myocardial infarction, it remains one of the leading causes of the development of heart failure. Cardiac rehabilitation is aimed at minimizing the time required for recovery of physical, social, and psychological functioning after a cardiac event. One of the promising rehabilitation strategies for patients after myocardial infarction is the use of intermittent hypoxic–hyperoxic training (IHHT).</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To evaluate the effect of IHHT, added to a standard rehabilitation program, on exercise tolerance, NT-proBNP levels, arterial stiffness parameters, and cognitive function in older patients with myocardial infarction at the second inpatient stage of rehabilitation and chronic heart failure.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>A single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study with parallel groups was conducted. A total of 102 patients were enrolled and randomized into two groups: the main group (<italic>n</italic> = 51) received standard rehabilitation combined with IHHT using the ReOxy device, whereas the control group (<italic>n</italic> = 51) received standard rehabilitation only. The IHHT course consisted of 10 daily sessions (5 sessions per week for 2 weeks), each lasting 40 minutes. The primary endpoint was the change in six-minute walk test distance. Secondary endpoints included changes in NT-proBNP concentration, cognitive function assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and arterial stiffness evaluated by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) using the VaSera VS-1500N system. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The groups were comparable in baseline clinical and demographic characteristics (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). The addition of IHHT to the rehabilitation program resulted in a significantly greater increase in six-minute walk distance compared with standard rehabilitation alone (51.0 [33.0; 86.0] m vs 30.0 [22.5; 56.0] m, <italic>p</italic> = 0.0001), as well as a greater reduction in NT-proBNP levels (250.7 [115.7; 564.1] vs 192.9 [109.45; 290.5], <italic>p</italic> = 0.0243). The IHHT group also demonstrated a more pronounced improvement in cognitive function according to the MoCA score (3.0 [2.0; 4.5] points vs 2.0 [1.0; 3.0] points, <italic>p</italic> = 0.0005). A trend toward a greater reduction in the right cardio-ankle vascular index (R-CAVI) was observed in the IHHT group compared with controls (Δ −0.5 [0.0; 1.1] vs Δ −0.2 [0.0; 0.7], <italic>p</italic> = 0.05). No significant between-group differences were found for left CAVI (L-CAVI) or ankle–brachial index.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The addition of IHHT to standard rehabilitation in patients with myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure improves exercise tolerance and cognitive function.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Несмотря на успехи в лечении инфаркта миокарда, он остаётся одной из основных причин развития сердечной недостаточности. Кардиологическая реабилитация нацелена на минимизацию времени восстановления физической, социальной и психологической работоспособности после сердечного события. Одним из перспективных методов реабилитации пациентов, перенёсших инфаркт миокарда, является применение интервальных гипоксигипероксических тренировок (ИГГТ).</p> <p><bold>Цель </bold>— оценка влияния применения ИГГТ в дополнение к стандартной программе реабилитации на толерантность к физической нагрузке, концентрацию NT-proBNP, показатели жёсткости сосудистой стенки артерий и когнитивные функции пациентов пожилого возраста с инфарктом миокарда на 2-м стационарном этапе и хронической сердечной недостаточностью</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено одноцентровое проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое простое слепое исследование в параллельных группах. В исследование включено 102 пациента, рандомизированных на две группы: основная группа (<italic>n</italic>=51) получала стандартную реабилитацию в сочетании с ИГГТ на аппарате ReOxy; группа контроля (<italic>n</italic>=51) получала только стандартную реабилитацию. Курс ИГГТ состоял из 10 ежедневных сеансов (5 сеансов в неделю в течение 2 недель) продолжительностью 40 минут каждый. Первичной конечной точкой было изменение дистанции в тесте шестиминутной ходьбы, вторичными конечными точками — изменение концентрации NT-proBNP, когнитивных функций по Монреальской шкале оценки когнитивных функций (MoCA) и жёсткости артерий, оцениваемой по сердечно-лодыжечному сосудистому индексу (CAVI) с помощью системы VaSera VS-1500N. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием программы GraphPad Prism 8.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Группы были сопоставимы по клиническим и демографическим характеристикам на момент начала исследования (<italic>p</italic> &gt;0,05). Добавление ИГГТ к программе реабилитации привело к достоверно большему приросту дистанции в тесте шестиминутной ходьбы по сравнению с группой только стандартной реабилитации (51,0 [33,0; 86,0] м против 30,0 [22,5; 56,0] м, <italic>p</italic>=0,0001), а также большей степени снижения NT-proBNP (250,7 [115,7; 564,1] против 192,9 [109,45; 290,5], <italic>p</italic>=0,0243). В группе ИГГТ также наблюдалось более выраженное улучшение показателей когнитивных функций по шкале MoCA (3,0 [2,0; 4,5] балла против 2,0 [1,0; 3,0] балла, <italic>p</italic>=0,0005). В группе ИГГТ отмечена тенденция снижения правого сердечно-лодыжечного сосудистого индекса (R-CAVI) по сравнению с контрольной группой (Δ –0,5 [0,0; 1,1] против Δ –0,2 [0,0; 0,7], <italic>p</italic>=0,05). Достоверных межгрупповых различий в показателях левого CAVI (L-CAVI) и лодыжечно-плечевого индекса не выявлено.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Добавление ИГГТ к стандартной программе реабилитации пациентов с инфарктом миокарда и сердечной недостаточностью улучшает переносимость физических нагрузок и когнитивные функции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>intermittent hypoxic–hyperoxic training</kwd><kwd>cardiac rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>six-minute walk test</kwd><kwd>cognitive function</kwd><kwd>arterial stiffness</kwd><kwd>cardio-ankle vascular index</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>интервальные гипокси-гипероксические тренировки</kwd><kwd>кардиореабилитация</kwd><kwd>тест шестиминутной ходьбы</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>жёсткость артерий</kwd><kwd>сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Valaker I, Norekvål TM, Råholm MB, et al. 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