Laboratory X-ray microphotography: a method of inner three-dimensional structure reconstruction of different nature objects

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Abstract

A brief retrospective of the development of laboratory X-ray microtomography at the A. V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC RAS) is presented. The main methods and approaches that have increased the informativeness of microtomographic measurements are outlined, such as the use of monochromatic radiation, the application of phase-contrast method, and the method of diffraction tomography (topo-tomography). The designs of the instruments created and operating at IC RAS are described, and some experimental results obtained with them are presented.

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About the authors

D. A. Zolotov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Author for correspondence.
Email: zolotovden@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Buzmakov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: zolotovden@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. G. Dyachkova

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: zolotovden@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yu. S. Krivonosov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: zolotovden@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yu. I. Dudchik

A. N. Sevchenko Institute of Applied Physical Problems of Belarusian State University

Email: zolotovden@yandex.ru
Belarus, Minsk

V. E. Asadchikov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute”

Email: zolotovden@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Diagram of the THOMAS X–ray microtomograph: 1 - X–ray source (X–ray tube), 2 – monochromator unit, 3 – vacuum path (collimator), 4 – vacuum pump, 5 - the studied sample on the positioning system, 6 - X–ray detector, 7 - local radiation protection zone

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3. Fig. 2. Results of a microtomographic examination of a pineal gland sample. An enlarged fragment containing the studied concretions is shown on the right

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4. Fig. 3. Diagram of the DITOM–M diffractometer: 1 – X–ray tube, 2 - block with a monochromator crystal, 3 – tubular collimator, 4 – vacuum pump, 5 – a pair of mutually perpendicular slits, 6 – goniometric head with the crystal under study, 7 – eight–axis goniometer, 8 - goniometer control unit, 9 – two–dimensional X–ray detector XIMEA xiRAY11, 10 - laboratory power supply for the detector, 11 - personal computer

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5. Fig. 4. The result of three–dimensional restoration of the reflectivity of a Si(111) crystal containing dislocation half–loops: a - the entire crystal, b - an enlarged fragment

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6. Fig. 5. The result of three–dimensional reconstruction of the defective structure of a synthetic diamond containing cone-shaped defects: a, b - different angles of rotation of the sample

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7. Fig. 6. Diagram of the phase contrast experiment (a): 1 – wide–focus X–ray tube, 2 – slit aperture, 3 - test sample mounted on a goniometric device, 4 - CCD detector; R0 = 90, R1 = 1350, R2 = 250-600 mm. Image of a square grid (Au) with a thread thickness of 20 microns (b)

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8. Fig. 7. Phase-contrast normalized projections of a polyethylene capillary in vertical (a) and horizontal (b) positions and corresponding intensity profiles (c, d) plotted along dotted lines (R1 = 1350, R2 = 250 mm, accelerating voltage 45 kV)

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9. Fig. 8. Longitudinal sections of the reconstructed phase contrast (a) and absorption (b) tomographic images of an epiphysis sample embedded in paraffin and grayscale intensity profiles plotted along lines 1 and 2 (in the direction from left to right). Numerous calcifications are indicated by white arrows

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