New data about evolution of the middle Jurassic ostracod genus Lophocythere Silvester-Bradley of the Russian Plate

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Abstract

Important for stratigraphy ostracods of the genus Lophocythere (family Progonocytheridae) from the Middle Jurassic strata of the Central European Russia (sections Mikhailovsky rudnik, boreholes № 4, № 7, Kursk region and Mikhailovcement, Ryazan region) were studied. This article provides an updated review of the evolution of this taxa, three evolutionary lineages reconstructed: L. batei Malz, 1975 → L. mosaica sp. nov., L. tuberculata sp. nov., L. karpinskyi (Mandelstam in Lyubimova, 1955); L. propinqua Malz, 1975 → L. scabra Triebel, 1951 → L. bucki Lutze, 1960; L. carinata Blaszyk, 1967 → L. interrupta Triebel, 1955 → ? → L. acrolophos Whatley, Ballent et Armitage, 2001. The evolution of the first lineage can be characterized as cladogenesis (the origin of three species from the common ancestor). The evolution of the other two lineage can be described as anagenesis (or phyletic evolution) (species successively replace each other over time). A new species Lophocythere tuberculata sp. nov. is described from the lower Callovian (Subpatruus and Koenigi ammonite zones) and upper Callovian (Athleta ammonite zone, Spinosum subzone) of the Kursk and Ryazan regions and L. mosaica sp. nov. is described from the lower Callovian (Gowerianus and Calloviense ammonite zones) of the Kursk region.

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About the authors

Ya. A. Shurupova

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

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Email: shurupova.ya@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 119071

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Lophocythere tuberculata sp. nov., SEM, a–d – external view, a1–g1 – internal view: a – holotype KO2-213, Ad., RV, female, sample No. 4/123; b – specimen KO2-176, Ad., LV, female, sample No. 4/121; c – specimen KO2-171, Ad., RV, male, sample No. 4/121; d – specimen KO1-91, A-3, RV, sample No. 4/124; d – specimen KO2-31, Ad., female, dorsal view, sample No. 4/125; Kursk Region, borehole No. 4; Lower Callovian, Gowerianus and Calloviense ammonite zones. Scale bar 100 µm.

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3. Fig. 2. Scheme of development of the clasp of Lophocythere tuberculata sp. nov. in ontogenesis for RV. The marginal elements of the clasp are shown in black, and the median groove in white.

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4. Fig. 3. Variability of shell sculpture in the early Callovian Lophocythere tuberculata sp. nov., SEM, external view: a – specimen KMA-124, Ad., LV, female, sample No. KMA-8; b – specimen KMA(1-14)-5, Ad., LV, female, sample No. KMA-12; c – specimen KMA2-86, Ad., RV, male, sample No. KMA-8; d – specimen KMA2-87, RV, male, sample No. KMA-8; Kursk region, Mikhailovsky mine section. Scale bar 100 µm.

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5. Fig. 4. Variability of the shell hinge structure in the early Callovian Lophocythere tuberculata sp. nov., SEM, Ad., dorsal margin with different dental formulas: a – 6[6:10:2]6, specimen Kursk-22, LV, female, sample No. 14.8↑BW1; b – 6[4:14]6, specimen KMA-G5-140, LV, female, sample No. 14.2↑BW1; c – 5[4:14]5, specimen KMA-G5-114, RV, male, sample No. 14.2↑BW1; d – 6[11:0]6, specimen KMA-G5-114, RV, male, sample No. 14.2↑BW1; Kursk region, Mikhailovsky mine open pit.

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6. Fig. 5. Ratio of the length (L) and height (H) of the shell in mm in the studied specimens of Lophocythere tuberculata sp. nov. from the early Callovian age, Mikhailovsky Rudnik section, boreholes No. 4 and No. 7 (Kursk region).

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7. Fig. 6. Lophocythere mosaica sp. nov., SEM, a–g – external view, a1–g1 – internal view: a – holotype KO2-161, Ad., RV, female, sample No. 4/116; b – specimen KO2-62, Ad., RV, female, sample No. 4/118; c – specimen KO2-101, Ad., LV, female, sample No. 4/118; d – specimen KO2-96, A-2, sample No. 7/136. Kursk Region: a–c – borehole No. 4; g – borehole No. 7; lower Callovian, Gowerianus and Calloviense ammonite zones. Scale bar 100 µm.

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8. Fig. 7. Evolution of representatives of the genus Lophocythere from the Callovian deposits of England, France and the European part of Russia, whose representatives are found in the Central Russian Sea: a – the latest reconstruction of family relationships proposed by the author based on the studied material (in the Bathonian Age, according to literary data – Malz, 1975: L. batei, p. 127, pl. 1, fig. 6, RV, female; L. propinqua, p. 129, pl. 4, fig. 29, LV, female; L. carinata, p. 132, pl. 3, fig. 17, LV, female); b, c – views of different authors: b – Sheppard, 1981; c – Shurupova, Tesakova, 2019.

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9. Table VI

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