The morphological and genetic diversity of the caspian anadromous shad, Alosa kessleri kessleri (Alosidae) from the Akhtuba River (Lower Volga region) in the current time period. To the question of the intraspecies structure

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Abstract

The paper presents data on variability of morphological and population-genetic features of the Caspian anadromous shad Alosa kessleri kessleri from the Akhtuba River for three years in a row (2020–2022). Studies of the ichthyoplankton samples for the first time reveal that the spawning of the Caspian anadromous shad occurs in the middle reach of the Akhtuba River, at a distance of 180–290 km from the upper boundary of the Volga Delta. The studied species is characterized by stable values of body length and weight, sex ratio, and morphological features in the samples. A low level of its genetic variability has been established by nuclear markers of microsatellite loci and the COI gene. Nine haplotypes have been identified in the Cyt b gene, two of which differ significantly from the others. In general, the Caspian anadromous shad is characterized by high haplotype diversity in combination with low values of nucleotide diversity. The obtained results are descriptive and can be regarded as the initial stage (hypothesis development and discussion) of studying the structure of the Caspian anadromous shad in the Lower Volga Basin.

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About the authors

K. V. Kuzishchin

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: KK_office@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

M. А. Gruzdeva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: KK_office@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Semenova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: KK_office@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

F. A. Fedotov

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: KK_office@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

A. M. Shadrin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: KK_office@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Average daily water temperature in the Akhtuba (━━━) and Volga (- - -) river beds in May–July 2021.

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3. Fig. 2. Black-backed herring Alosa kessleri kessleri Akhtuba River: a – female with body length according to Smith (FL) 349 mm, age 4 years, IV–V stage of gonadal maturity; б – male FL 322 mm, 4 years, IV–V.

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4. Fig. 3. The structure of the gill rakers of the black-backed herring Alosa kessleri kessleri of the Akhtuba River from samples of 2020–2022. Variability in the length of the gill rakers and the shape of their outer edge (wet preparations at the time of biological analysis (a–г) and alizarin preparations (д, е). Gill rakers: a, б — equal in length to the gill filaments; в, г — shorter than the gill filaments; outer margin: a, в — straight; б — slightly convex, wavy; г — forms a convex arc; д — sp.br. 81, female FL 288, gonads at maturity stage IV, 14.05.2021; e — sp.br. 51, male FL 252, IV, 15.05.2021; ж — gill rakers are broken off, sp.br. 67, female FL 298, IV, 14.05.2021; з — lateral spines on the gill rakers.Scale (rulers are common for а–г and д–ж), mm: а–ж — 20; з — 2.

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5. Fig. 3. (End).

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6. Fig. 4. The number of gill rakers (sp.br.) depending on the body length (FL) of the black-backed herring Alosa kessleri kessleri of the Akhtuba River from the 2021 sample, n = 544: (―) — trend line, r = 0.34, p = 0.

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7. Fig. 5. Early development stages of the black-backed herring Alosa kessleri kessleri from ichthyoplankton collections in the Akhtuba River, fixed material: a–в — egg: a — with embryo at the stage of ~80% fouling, б — the same before the beginning of separation of the tail bud, в — with embryo before exiting the egg membrane; г — early prelarva with absolute length (TL) ~3.6 mm; д, e — prelarvae TL 5.3 and ~6.2 mm. Scale: 1 mm.

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