Turmeric identification and adulteration detection by digital colorometry and near-ir spectroscopy methods

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Abstract

The possibility to identify and establish the fact of turmeric adulteration by simple and affordable methods using methods of infrared spectroscopy, digital colorometry and chemometric processing of spectral data was shown. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to differentiate between samples of turmeric powder purchased in India, made by grinding the roots, and commercial samples, and to separate them from samples with impurities of flour, starch, breadcrumb and chalk by analyzing diffuse reflectance spectra using principal component methods, hierarchical cluster analysis and formal independent class analogy modeling. The same approaches were applied to the simpler and less costly colorometric method. Chemometric processing of the obtained data confirmed the lack of similarity of the analyzed turmeric samples with samples containing additives and allowed the determination of impurities using multivariate regression analysis algorithms. Comparison of the results obtained by IR spectroscopy and digital colorometry showed their equivalent efficiency, which allowed us to recommend the more affordable colorometric method for routine quality control and detection of turmeric adulteration.

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About the authors

О. E. Emelyanov

Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov Vladimir State University

Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Vladimir

V. G. Amelin

Alexander Grigorievich and Nikolai Grigorievich Stoletov Vladimir State University; All-Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Animal Drugs and Feeds

Author for correspondence.
Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Vladimir; Moscow

A. V. Tretyakov

All-Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Animal Drugs and Feeds

Email: amelinvg@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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1. JATS XML
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2. Scheme 1. Chemical structure of curcumin.

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3. Fig. 1. Appearance and block diagram of devices for colorimetric analysis of turmeric: 1 – smartphone, 2 – smartphone camera, 3 – resistors, 4 – power supplies, 5 – LEDs, 6 – turmeric sample.

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4. Fig. 2. Near-IR spectra for turmeric samples (1–19) and its mixtures with additives (1F–24F). Spectrum numbers correspond to sample numbers from Table 1.

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5. Fig. 3. Fluorescence and diffuse reflectance of turmeric samples and its mixture with 1% turmeric additive upon irradiation with (a) UV and (b) IR radiation.

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6. Fig. 4. PCA and HCA graphs for identification of turmeric samples: (a) – NIR spectroscopy, (b) – digital colorimetry (395 nm).

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7. Fig. 5. SIMCA graph for refining the boundaries between groups of turmeric samples: (a) – NIR spectroscopy, (b) – digital colorimetry (395 nm).

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