Volume 93, Nº 10 (2023)

The author’s data (2000-2022) on synthesis methods, reactivity and applied aspects of aryl- and hetarylacetylenes were summarized. The specificity of alkynylarenes (hetarenes) associated with the activation of the triple bond by acceptor groups were noted. Particular attention was paid to fundamentally important new reactions of heterocyclization and complete soft cleavage of the triple bond. The prospects for the use of alkynylarenes and -hetarenes and their modification products were reflected. The results of screening of the synthesized compounds were presented.

A one pot electrocatalytic method was developed for the oxidative transformation of alcohols into nitriles in a two-phase aqueous-organic medium: methylene chloride-aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Under the proposed conditions, the catalytic system 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-pyridine base with the participation of ammonium iodide makes it possible to convert a wide range of alcohols into nitriles with good to excellent yields (81-99%) without the use of catalysts based on toxic metals, hazardous reagents and/or oxidizing agents. In the synthesis, ammonium iodide is simultaneously a source of nitrogen and iodine, and also functions as a component of the background electrolyte.

The influence of the electronic and spatial structure of the diene system 2-benzylidene-3-methyl-4-nitro-2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxides on the result of the reaction with semicarbazide in different media (in ethanol and DMSO) was studied. The structure of the obtained compounds was established by IR, ¹Н, ¹³С{¹Н}, ¹Н-¹³С HMQC, ¹Н-¹³С HMBC, ¹Н-¹Н NOESY spectroscopy methods.

A new method was developed for the synthesis of 5-arylidene-2,3-disubstituted 4 H -imidazol-4-ones by cyclization of N -substituted α,β-dehydroamino acid arylamides with N -trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSIM) in dimethylformamide. The process was carried out by both conventional and microwave heating. Target imidazol-4-one was also synthesized by a one-pot method based on the reaction of unsaturated 5(4 H )-oxazolone, arylamine, and TMSIM. The anticholinesterase and antiradical properties of synthesized both arylamides and 4-imidazolones were studied.

A method was proposed for the preparative synthesis of mixed-ligand Eu(III) compounds with para -methoxycinnamic acid, ligands from the sodium salt of para -methoxycinnamic acid. It was found that europium(III) methoxycinnamate with hexamethylphosphotriamide has the highest luminescence intensity. Luminescent polymer materials with synthesized europium(III) methoxycinnamates were obtained.

Glass-ceramic samples of the Li_{1.5+ x} Al_0.5Ge_1.5Si _x P_{3- x} O₁₂ system ( x = 0-0.1) were obtained by directional crystallization of glasses. The glass transition, onset and peak temperatures of crystallization were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The phase composition of glass-ceramics was determined by X-ray phase analysis. Electrical conductivity is studied using electrochemical impedance. Based on the data obtained, the homogeneity region of solid solutions was established and the optimal conditions for producing SiO₂-doped glass-ceramics were identified. The composition with x = 0.02, crystallized at 750°C with a heating rate of 3 deg/min for 2 h, had the highest lithium-ion conductivity at room temperature (4.55×10^-4 S/cm).