ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ГАЗОВ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ГАЗОДИФФУЗИОННЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОДОВ: ОБЗОР ПОСЛЕДНИХ ДОСТИЖЕНИЙ

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Resumo

Практическое применение электрохимического восстановления газов с получением ценных продуктов затруднено медленным массопереносом и низкой растворимостью газов в большинстве электролитов. При использовании газодиффузионных электродов улучшается массоперенос газа к поверхности электрода, что способствует поддержанию высокой концентрации реагента вблизи слоя катализатора и позволяет увеличить выход продукта в десятки раз. В статье представлен обзор работ, посвященных электрохимическому восстановлению О2, СО, СО2, N2, NO с использованием ячеек с газодиффузионным электродом. Приведена информация об электродных материалах и характеристиках процессов. В реакции восстановления СО2 на электродных материалах на основе Au, Ag, Zn, Со, Fe, Ni основным продуктом является СО, при использовании материалов на основе Bi, Pb, Sb, In, Sn с высокой селективностью образуется НСООН. Низшие углеводороды, спирты и карбоновые кислоты могут быть получены при использовании электродных материалов на основе Cu. Восстановление О2 с образованием Н2О2 происходит при использовании электродных материалов на основе С, Fe, Ti, Ag. Образование NH3 при восстановлении N2 или NO происходит при использовании материалов на основе C, Ca, Cu. Электрохимические ячейки с газодиффузионными электродами могут быть использованы как элементы комплексных систем по улавливанию и переработке СО2 и реакторов непрерывного действия. Ведутся разработки конструкций электрохимических ячеек с двумя газодиффузионными электродами и электродов с площадью поверхности более 1 м2. Описаны особенности сборки газодиффузионных электродов, проблемы и пути развития технологии. Приводится сравнение процессов электровосстановления газов в системах с погружными и газодиффузионными электродами.

Sobre autores

N. Mal'tseva

Novosibirsk State University; G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the RAS

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: m.lebedeva2@nsu.ru
630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, д. 1; 630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, д. 5

P. Nikolaichuk

Novosibirsk State University

Email: m.lebedeva2@nsu.ru
630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, д. 1

M. Lebedeva

Novosibirsk State University; G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: m.lebedeva2@nsu.ru
630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, д. 1; 630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, д. 5

D. Kozlov

Novosibirsk State University; G.K. Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: m.lebedeva2@nsu.ru
630090, г. Новосибирск, ул. Пирогова, д. 1; 630090, г. Новосибирск, пр. Академика Лаврентьева, д. 5

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