Microbiota-associated diseases as an endotoxin-initiated pathology or intestinal factor in the induction of systemic inflammation and progression of aging

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Abstract

The intestinal microbiota is a vital organ – a participant in the processes of adaptation and evolution, an inducer of inflammation and the progression of aging. The key element of the interaction of intestinal microbiota with the body is lipopolysaccharides, the level of which in the general bloodstream increases significantly in so-called “microbiota-associated diseases”, which indicates the participation of endotoxin aggression in their pathogenesis, and most likely their initiation. One of the most common reasons for the development of endotoxin aggression may be quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota, leading to an increase in intestinal permeability, which are largely determined by nutritional factors. The antiendotoxin component in the treatment regimen for patients with various nosological forms of the diseases significantly increases the effectiveness of the treatment and prophylactic process, which can become one of the most promising areas of anti-aging measures.

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S. G. Morozov

Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology

Author for correspondence.
Email: sergey_moroz@list.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. S. Sozinov

Kazan State Medical University

Email: sergey_moroz@list.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

M. Yu. Iakovlev

Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology

Email: yakovlev-lps@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. The family of TOL-like receptors, their ligands and signaling pathways (according to [6] in the author’s modification).

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3. Fig. 2. Under conditions of systemic endotoxinemia (A), the immune status is balanced; under conditions of endotoxin aggression (B), the pro-inflammatory status predominates, since it is not balanced by the anti-inflammatory action of the adrenal cortex (according to [35] in the author’s modification).

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4. Fig. 3. Percentage (A) and number of bacteria (B) forming endotoxin aggression (according to [74] in the author’s modification).

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5. Fig. 4. The periodicity of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in HIV infection, when the phase of LPS-induced hyperactivation of the immune system is replaced by its exhaustion, is associated with the cycles of viral replication and the resulting damage to the intestinal barrier (according to [19] in the author’s modification).

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6. Fig. 5. Age-related changes in integral indicators of systemic endotoxinemia are characterized by an increase in the level of LPS in the blood, a decrease in integral indicators of the activity of the humoral link of antiendotoxin immunity and the body's ability to increase body temperature (according to [7] in the author's modification).

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7. Fig. 6. The universal role of endotoxin aggression of general pathology is in the induction of systemic inflammation (according to [7] in the author’s modification).

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