Mass Velocity Profiles for Non-Ideal Detonation of Mixtures of Nitromethane and Ammonium Perchlorate Overloaded with Aluminum. Measurements and Calculation

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Abstract

Earlier, by comparing the results of mathematical modeling with experimental data on the non-ideal detonation velocities of triple mixtures of nitromethane and ammonium perchlorate with aluminum excess, the rates of exothermic reactions and the consumption degree of components within the detonation wave reaction zone were determined. A quasi-one-dimensional model of steady detonation was used for calculations, in which all components have a common pressure and move with a common mass velocity, and exothermic conversion is carried out in three stages, which include decomposition of nitromethane and ammonium perchlorate and diffusion combustion of aluminum. To confirm the obtained results and the applicability of the relatively simple theoretical model, calculations of the mass velocity profile during detonation of one of the triple mixtures with 17% nitromethane have been carried out. The calculation results are in agreement with the measured mass velocity profile, concerning the shape of the profile, the amplitude and the rate of decrease of the mass velocity along the detonation reaction zone. A possible explanation of a “leaning” of the beginning portion of the mass velocity profile observed in experiments has been proposed, and an estimate of the rise time of the sensor signal is given, taking into account the calculated curvature of the shock front of the detonation wave.

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About the authors

B. S. Ermolaev

Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: boris.ermolaev44@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

P. V. Komissarov

Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: boris.ermolaev44@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

S. S. Basakina

Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences; Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: boris.ermolaev44@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

V. V. Lavrov

Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: boris.ermolaev44@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Chernogolovka

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the electromagnetic technique for measuring mass velocity during detonation of condensed explosives: 1 - capsule detonator, 2 - intermediate detonator, 3 - tube, 4 - explosive sample under study, 5 - electro-contact sensors for measuring detonation velocity, 6 - section with electromagnetic sensors, 7 - first sensor for measuring mass velocity, 8 - second sensor for controlling detonation velocity, 9 - poles of the electromagnet.

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3. Fig. 2. Measured mass velocity profiles during detonation of a mixture of 17% NM + PCA/Al (1 : 1) with a density of 1.1 g/cm3. Thin-walled polypropylene tubes with inner diameters of 21.45 (1) and 31.84 mm (2), as well as a stainless steel tube (3) were used.

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4. Fig. 3. Dependence of the detonation velocity on the mixture density polypropylene pipes with an inner diameter of 32.4 mm and wall thickness of 3.8 mm: - experimental data for the mixture 17% NM + Al/PCA (1 : 1); - experimental data for the mixture 20.5% NM + Al/PCA (1 : 1); - calculation with G coefficients taken from [4] (0.2, 0.03, and 0.25 μs-1 for NM, PCA, and aluminum decomposition and combustion rates, respectively); - calculation with G coefficients equal to 0.28, 0.06, and 0.25 μs-1

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5. Fig. 4. Dependence of front curvature on detonation velocity. Calculation for a mixture of 17% NM + Al/PCA (1 : 1) at a density of 1.1 g/cm3.

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6. Fig. 5. Comparison of mass velocity profiles measured (1) and calculated (2) using the curved-front version of the model. The mixture of 17% NM + Al/PCA (1 : 1), polypropylene shell with a diameter of 32.4 mm, wall thickness - 3.8 mm, sample density - 1.1 g/cm3. The detonation velocity in the experiment was 2990 m/s, in the calculation - 2900 m/s.

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