Postural Reactions to the Sounds of Approaching Footsteps from in Front and Behind in People with Different Perceptive-Cognitive Styles

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Abstract

The perceptual-cognitive style (field-dependence or field-independence) determines the principal modality in space orientation and influences in posture control without distant stimulation. The aim of the work was to analyze stabilometric parameters in groups of field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) subjects to describe vertical posture sway in response to a conspecific movement (human steps). The stabilograms were recorded for two groups of subjects (12 FD and 12 FI) in standard postures - heels together, toes apart, hands down along the body, eyes closed. The sounds of steps were created on the basis of a pre-recording in a room with reverberation. In free field three types of stimulation were used: steps approaching from behind and from the front; a control signal - a repeated step in place, given from behind. The changes of the center of pressure (CoP) position were analyzed for 64 s with a period of 8 s: before (1), during (3) and after (4) stimulation. The CoP parameters were the с and the length of CoP trajectory along the sagittal axis, and the area of the confidence ellipse. A slight destabilization of the posture during sound stimulation was shown in both groups of subjects. Differences between the groups were revealed: with the onset of the approaching step sounds the FD-subjects shifted the CoP away from the sounds (the “run” strategy), while the FI subjects shifted the CoP toward the sounds (the “hit” strategy). The results obtained substantiate the possibility to use the conspecific sound stimulation in rehabilitation procedures in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, taking into account the individual characteristics of perception in patients.

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O. P. Timofeeva

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ig-andreeva@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

I. G. Andreeva

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ig-andreeva@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Recording of human footsteps sounds. (a) - position of the microphone pair at recording of conspecific biologically significant sound signal - human footsteps with step marking. (b) - oscillogram of single-channel recording of approaching steps within 6.5 s. (c) - oscillogram of the control signal - sounds of a step of the same duration repeated in situ.

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3. Fig. 2. Individual indices of the position of the body pressure centre-the length of the trajectory along the sagittal axis (top) and the area of the confidence ellipse (bottom) in the groups of field-dependent (n = 12) and sex-dependent (n = 12) subjects in the eight-second period preceding sound stimulation. On the abscissa axis - pose registration during different sound stimulation: sounds of footsteps approaching from behind; sounds of footsteps approaching from the front; sounds of a repeated step from behind (control). 1-12 - number of the subject.

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4. Fig. 3. Dynamics of stabilographic indices in response to conspecific movement - sounds of human footsteps in groups of field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) subjects. Stabilographic indices: left - trajectory length along the sagittal axis; centre - ellipse area; right - displacement along the sagittal axis. (a) - control signal, (b) - sounds of footsteps approaching from the front, (c) - sounds of footsteps approaching from behind. On the abscissa are eight-second observation periods: 1 - before stimulation, 2-4 - during stimulation (periods are highlighted), 5-8 - after the end of sound stimulation. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean.

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5. Fig. 4. Body CD shifts along the sagittal axis when listening to the sounds of footsteps approaching from the front and back in the groups of field-dependent (left) and sex-dependent (right) subjects. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test. n = 120. Other notations are as in Fig. 3.

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